El pasado domingo 21 de agosto festejamos el Día del Niño con una campaña especial difundiendo sus derechos en las redes sociales y alentando a las personas a que participen.
Con el hashtag #DerechoDelNiño realizamos una campaña compuesta por 10 gráficas referentes a cada uno de los Derechos del Niño, difunendo así dichos derechos a través de las redes sociales.
Los derechos del niño son un conjunto de normas jurídicas que protegen a las personas hasta cierta edad. Todos y cada uno de los derechos de la infancia son inalienables e irrenunciables, por lo que ninguna persona puede vulnerarlos o desconocerlos bajo ninguna circunstancia. Varios documentos consagran los derechos de la infancia en el ámbito internacional, entre ellos la Declaración de los Derechos del Niño y la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño.
La Declaración de los Derechos del Niño es un tratado internacional aprobado el 20 de noviembre de 1959 de manera unánime por todos los 78 Estados miembros que componían entonces la Organización de Naciones Unidas. Ésta está basada a su vez en la Declaración de Ginebra sobre los Derechos del Niño, de 1924, y recoge 10 principios. Tras esta declaración, en 1989 se firmó la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño, con 54 artículos. A parte de la extensión, las principales diferencias entre ambas es que el cumplimiento de una convención es obligatorio y, por otra parte, la de 1989 cambia el enfoque considerando a las niñas y niños como sujetos de protección y no sólo como objetos de la misma. Esta declaración reconoce al niño y la niña como «ser humano capaz de desarrollarse física, mental, social, moral y espiritualmente con libertad y dignidad».
Sus 10 artículos hacen referencia a los siguientes derechos:
- El derecho a la igualdad, sin distinción de raza, religión, idioma, nacionalidad, sexo, opinión política.
- El derecho a tener una protección especial para el desarrollo físico, mental y social.
- El derecho a un nombre y a una nacionalidad desde su nacimiento.
- El derecho a una alimentación, vivienda y atención médica adecuada.
- El derecho a una educación y a un tratamiento especial para aquellos niños que sufren alguna discapacidad mental o física.
- El derecho a la comprensión y al amor de los padres y de la sociedad.
- El derecho a actividades recreativas y a una educación gratuita.
- El derecho a estar entre los primeros en recibir ayuda en cualquier circunstancia.
- El derecho a la protección contra cualquier forma de abandono, crueldad y explotación.
- El derecho a ser criado con un espíritu de comprensión sexual, tolerancia, amistad entre los pueblos y hermandad universal.
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